Seismology,  especially static  and  dynamic triggering of earthquakes,  stress transfer and earthquake source physics are among my most favourite interests in Earthsciences.

Earthquake triggering is  the process by which  stress changes associated with an earthquake can induce or retard seismic activity in the surrounding region or trigger other earthquakes at great distances.

Dynamic deformations  (seismic waves) can probably trigger earthquakes at all distances but it is not  clear what characteristics of the dynamic deformations are most  relevant  to  the   mechanisms that  cause triggering. Rapid remote triggering of earthquakes at great distances can  be explained by the passage of transient (dynamic) seismic waves, which either can induce Coulomb failure or initiate a secondary mechanism that induces delayed triggering.

Earthquakes change the stress field in their immediate environment. This stress change can bring adjacent faults to failure or cause them to depart from failure. Therefore a mainshock has a certain influence on other faults in the immediate environment and can control their failure behaviour.

Coulomb
failure
stress
change
pattern
calculated
with
Coulomb3.1

Earthquake  source  physics  is the understanding of process that lead to fault rupture and  understanding  of  processes  during  the fault rupture. Important phenomena for example are supershear, difraction, heterogeneities and radiation patterns.